Artificial Insemination History
· This procedure
was adopted in 1322 A.D.
· Arabian started
this procedure for the first time.
· They invented
this procedure.
· Liquid semen
stored at 4C up to 48 hours at the room temperature.
· Frozen semen
stored in packing in the straw (fence size is .5 million) preserve in a
container having -196C (liquid nitrogen) maintained temperature.
Two
categories of straws:
Sex semen
Non-sex semen
Sex
semen: Both male and
female semen.
90% are female for dairy purpose.
10% are for meat purpose.
Non-sex
semen:
50% chance of male
50%chances of females
Benefits
of artificial insemination:
·
Cheapest and fastest method of genetics.
·
For 25 female cow you need only one bull to
serve all 25 females.
·
Cost effective method.
·
Maximum utilization of superior germplasm.
·
Prevents to spread vernal diseases.
·
Prevents the infections of genetic diseases.
·
Long term storage.
·
In 1780 Spallanzani he was the inventor of
artificial insemination in bitch
·
In 1899 Ivanoff Russian scientist he performed
the procedure of artificial insemination in birds.
·
In 1931 19,800 cows were breed artificially
inseminated in Russia.
·
In 1936 AI cooperate society develops
·
In 1938 cooperate society association develops
in USA with the name of New Jersey State College
·
In 1949 the improve methods of artificial
insemination freezing methods develops.
Artificial Insemination
Definition of artificial insemination: Veterinary
procedure of injecting semen into the vagina or uterus.
Limitations:
I.
Require
specialist for rectal palpation
II.
Estrus
detection (heat or not in heat)
III.
Hygiene and
sterilization
Techniques
of artificial insemination:
1. Cervical insemination (sheep and goat).
2. Vaginal insemination (mares).
3. Recto vaginal insemination (cow and buffalo).
1. Vaginal
insemination: It is an ancient and oldest method of artificial insemination.
Semen is deposited through the catheters or tube. (Tube length is 16 inches).
The rod should be upward at 45 to 30 angle.
Than the sperm is injected into the sub urethral diverticulum.
Drawback:
i.
Large amount of
volume.
ii.
Conception
chances are going to be low if artificial insemination is performed.
iii.
Highly motile
sperms with good concentration.
2.
Cervical
insemination: In this method, spectrum is
placed in the vagina of the cow, which provides passage outside to the site of
insemination, then inseminating tube is passed through the speculum and semen
is deposited at the cervix.
Disadvantages:
Repeated sterilization
of the equipment
Low conception rate as
compared to the recto vaginal method.
Benefits:
this method can be used in the sheep and goats where recto vaginal or other
method could not be done.
3.
Recto
vaginal insemination: Remove the waste material first.
Push cranial sight fold
going to be in straights position and rod pass through it.
Rod pass through the
cervix rings of the cervix.
The method is mostly
performed in the large animals by the expert technicians.
Advantage:
High conception rate.
Didn’t require any
sterilization
Semen
collection device: Semen
is collected into a pre warmed insulated or jacketed tube through a funnel or
cone. All surfaces coming into contact with semen should be clean, warm, dry
and free of spermatoxic agents. Because "cold shock" causes
irreversible damage to spermatozoa, efforts to maintain semen at 30-35°C until
the "on-site" evaluation procedures are complete is an important
consideration for successful semen assessment.
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