By Muhammad Basil
IA&DS, FAH, UAF
Allama Iqbal Dairy Scientists Association
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INTRODUCTION
The science of biotechnology is for the
welfare of human beings. It uses systems and process of living organisms to
obtain benefits from them. In fact, its benefit is not only limited to humans
but it also works for the betterment of animals. All branches of
Biotechnology Animal Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology, Industrial
Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology and Plant Biotechnology are related
to each other and the main objective is the improvement of human life and its
requirements.
Role of molecular biology in Animal
Biotechnology:
Biotechnology uses the principles of molecular
biology for producing products. As biotechnology is a more applied field as
compared to molecular biology which is an academic field.
Molecular biology studies the interactions of
proteins and genes inside cell and biotechnology benefits from it by using
those interactions.
Recombinant Insulin: Recombinant
insulin for diabetes was developed in the 1980s to replace insulin extracted from livestock. And molecular biology was
used for its development.
Animal Biotechnology:
✓It has many ethical concerns. Therefore it is rarely used.
1.
Transgenic
Animals
✓It deals with the development of transgenic
animals for
increased milk or meat production with resistance to
various diseases.
2.
In vitro fertilization
✓It deals with the development of transgenic
animals for
increased milk or meat production with resistance to
various diseases.
Gene Clone:
The practice of gene cloning is adopted in molecular biology laboratories in which
researchers create copies of a particular gene.
Application of biotechnology in
Agriculture:
In agriculture and
food production gene technology is used to✓ The resistance to pests are increased in crops and animals whereas the use of chemicals is reduced.
✓ In crops and animals, the tolerance to chemicals is increased. The chemicals used for the eradication of harmful pests.
✓ In
animals and crops the disease resistance is produced.
✓ The yield of food is enhanced per plant or animals.
✓ Concerning the environment, the plants and animals are modified for their existence.
e.g., in dry areas and
salty water regions.
✓ The nutritional status of plants and animals is enhanced.
Plant and Animal Reproduction:
✓Biotechnology is applied to improve plant and animal behaviour.✓Advanced biotechnology allows instant particular changes on a molecular level by removal of genes, overexpression of genes and introduction of foreign genes
✓The introduction of foreign genes is achievable by the adaptation of gene expression control mechanism like specific gene and transcription factors.
✓The productiveness of ‘’directed’’ animal breeding is improved by the approach of
marker-assisted selection in which controversy normally associated with GMSs is
not included.
Biotechnology in Animal Feed:
Livestock feed is enhanced and their nutritional status is upgraded by the application of biotechnology. The digestibility of low-quality feed of animals is also amended. The production capacity is increases and the deficiency of mineral ions and proteins is eliminated.Creation of Antibiotics:
 |
| Antibiotics |
By the application of biotechnology, antibiotics are
prepared from plants which are applicable in both humans and animals. An
expressing antibiotic protein is sometimes included in livestock’s feed which
is less expensive than the antibiotic produced.
Conclusion:
Well explained
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